Abstract: Astigmatism has become one of the main reasons affecting children’s visual health. In recent years, epidemiological studies of  astigmatism in children have showed that there are large differences among different countries, regions, and races in the prevalence of astigmatism, such as higher in Singapore and China Taiwan, and the mailand in China; lower in European countries. Most of  surveys  show that withtherule astigmatism is the main type astigmatism in  children. Related study found that genetic factors, nearwork, race, age, spherical refractive error and other factors influenced on the astigmatism state in children.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 407-410)